Heavy Metal and Anti-Nutrient Profile of Solanum melongena and Solanum gilo: Implications for Animal Health and Skin Quality.

Author

Ambugus Peter, Amaya Habila Jobin, Aliyu Abdulwali, Aishat Abuh, Afuwai Winnifred Godiya, Queendaline Okeh Obasi, Arinze Okeh, Musa Halilu Muhammed, Samuel I. Blessing

Abstract

 This study assessed the heavy metal and anti-nutrient composition of Solanum melongena and Solanum gilo and their implications for animal health and skin quality, and leather production. This study comparatively evaluated the anti-nutritional factors and heavy-metal concentrations of two commonly consumed garden-egg varieties, Solanum melongena (sweet) and Solanum gilo (bitter), obtained from Zaria metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Fresh fruit samples were collected, authenticated, and analysed using standard laboratory procedures. Anti-nutrient analysis showed higher tannin (4.11 mg/g), glycoside (6.48 mg/g), oxalate (5.67 mg/g), and phytate (4.46 mg/g) levels in S. melongena, while saponin content was markedly higher in S. gilo (11.50 mg/g). Heavy-metal analysis revealed lead (1.80 and 1.35 mg/kg) and cadmium (0.125 and 0.080 mg/kg) levels in S. melongena and S. gilo, respectively, exceeding FAO/WHO limits, whereas copper and arsenic were within permissible ranges. The study concludes that although both varieties are nutritionally valuable, elevated lead and cadmium levels pose potential public health risks.  The findings suggest that S. melongena and S. gilo have potential as feed and industrial resources, but require careful monitoring and processing to minimise harmful effects and optimise their safe use in agriculture and leather industries. 

Keywords

Solanum spp, Heavy metals, Anti-Nutrients, Animal feed, Leather production

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