Dissolvable Microneedle Patches: The Next-Generation Transdermal Platform for Biologics and Vaccine Delivery
Author
Shraddha Vijay Jagtap, Shubham N. Kanawade, Gauri Bhausaheb Devgire, Sayali Vasant Gondkar, Shrushti Vilas Talole
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedle patches (DMNPs) have emerged as a disruptive, highly innovative paradigm in transdermal drug delivery, successfully bridging the gap between conventional hypodermic injections and passive transdermal patches. Formulated from biocompatible, biodegradable, and water-soluble polymers, DMNPs seamlessly encapsulate therapeutic payloads—ranging from small-molecule drugs and macromolecular biologics to complex viral and bacterial vaccine antigens—within their micro-scale matrices. Upon micro-directed cutaneous insertion, these needles safely penetrate the stratum corneum, creating transient, microscopic conduits into the viable epidermis and dermis. The physiological interstitial fluid then dissolves the polymeric matrix, enabling the precise, rapid, or sustained release of the encapsulated payloads directly into the heavily vascularized and immunologically active skin layers. This minimally invasive platform completely circumvents peripheral pain receptors, eliminates the generation of hazardous bio-medical sharp waste, and offers unprecedented thermostability profiles that bypass the logistically challenging cold chain infrastructure. This comprehensive review systematically analyzes the structural architecture, diverse polymer compositions, sophisticated fabrication methodologies, and precise transdermal transport mechanisms characterizing next-generation DMNPs. Furthermore, it highlights critical advancements in clinical biologics and vaccine delivery, addresses stringent regulatory and large-scale manufacturing hurdles, and provides a strategic future outlook for the translation of this technology from bench to bedside.
Keywords
Dissolvable microneedles; Transdermal drug delivery; Biologics delivery; Vaccine stabilization; Intradermal immunization; Biocompatible polymers; Biodegradable microarrays; Painless injection alternative.
Full Text:
References
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