Green Nanotechnology-Enabled Bioavailability Enhancement Standardization of and Phytomedicines: Nanoformulation Strategies, Analytical Characterization, and Translational Perspectives
Author
Shraddha Vijay Jagtap, Shubham N. Kanawade, Gaurav Vijay Agarwal, Sanket Balasaheb Musmade
Abstract
Phytomedicines derived from therapeutic herbs present an enormous repository of active pharmacological moieties. However, their clinical deployment faces serious hurdles due to poor aqueous solubility, thermodynamic instability, macromolecular size, rapid metabolic degradation, and low systemic bioavailability. Green nanotechnology has emerged as a disruptive, eco-friendly framework utilizing non-toxic plant extracts, microbial matrices, and biodegradable biomolecules to engineer targeted nanoscale delivery vehicles. This comprehensive review highlights structural and technical advancements across 18 core dimensions of phytomedicine optimization. By exploring phyto-nanomicelles, green lipid-based nano-architectures, metallic nanoparticles biosynthesized via green routes, and functional polymer-biomolecule conjugates, this paper demonstrates how green nanotechnology systematically enhances transmembrane permeation, prolongs biological half-life, and minimizes off-target toxicities. Concurrently, modern analytical methodologies including UHPLC-MS/MS, high-throughput dynamic light scattering (DLS), and advanced bio-layer interferometry are evaluated for their utility in validating quality control parameters. Finally, this review delineates the current global regulatory barriers, manufacturing constraints, safety aspects, and future commercial translation of green nano-phytomedicines into mainstream clinical protocols.
Keywords
Phytomedicines; Green Nanotechnology; Bioavailability Enhancement; Phytochemical Standardization; Green Nano-carriers; Targeted Drug Delivery; Green Synthesis; Nanotoxicity.
Full Text:
References
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