Mussaenda Frondosa (Bellothi): An Overview of Its Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential
Author
Aparna P. V., Dr Shan P. Mohammed , Dr Jyoti Harindran
Abstract
Mussaenda frondosa Linn. (Rubiaceae), commonly known as Bellothi, is a perennial medicinal shrub distributed widely across the Indian subcontinent and parts of Southeast Asia. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of its botanical characteristics, traditional therapeutic applications, phytochemical profile, and pharmacological properties. Traditional medicine utilizes various parts of the plant, including leaves, roots, bark, and flowers, to treat ailments ranging from jaundice and asthma to skin infections and ulcers. Phytochemical screening has identified a diverse array of bioactive secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, steroids, tannins, iridoid glycosides, and triterpenoids. The application of advanced analytical techniques, including GC–MS, HPTLC, and UHPLC-QTOF, has enabled the precise profiling of these constituents. Pharmacological investigations using in vitro and in vivo models have validated many traditional claims, demonstrating significant antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, and anti-seizure activities. Furthermore, emerging nanotherapeutic approaches, such as the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles, highlight the potential for enhanced bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This review consolidates the current evidence base to support the development of M. frondosa as a source of novel therapeutic agents while identifying critical gaps for future clinical research. Keywords: Mussaenda frondosa, Bellothi, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Rubiaceae, Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Iridoids.
Keywords
Mussaenda frondosa, Bellothi , Phytochemistry , Plant metabolites, Bioactive compounds
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References
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