International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews

International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews
Peer-Reviewed | Multi-Disciplinary Journal

ISSN: 3049-0103 (O)

Impact Factor: 4.33

Evaluation of in Vitro and in Vivo Anti-Salmonella Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Solanum Granuloso-Leprosum Against Salmonella Typhi

Author

Akintola A.O, Aluko O.E, Adewoyin A.G., David B. K., Abdulrahman A.5, Dada E.O.6, Olaniyi T.D.

Abstract

 Typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi remains major health concern, with increasing antibiotic resistance necessitating alternative therapeutic agents. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial , antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of aqueous leaf extract of Solanum granuloso leprosum against S. typhi infection. Leaves were macerated in water for 48 hours and screened for phytochemicals. 

Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar diffusion method. Forty eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: uninfected control, infected untreated, ciprofloxacin-treated (2.5 mg/kg), and infected groups treated orally with extract at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg for seven days. Bacterial load, serum AST, ALT, ALP, LDH activities, and liver and intestinal SOD, CAT, GSH and MDA were determined. Histopathological examinations were also performed. The extract contained alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. In vitro activity increased with concentration, with 400 mg/ml producing greater inhibition than the standard antibiotic. In vivo, extract treatment reduced bacterial load and significantly (P<0.05) decreased serum enzyme activities. It increased SOD, CAT, and GSH while reducing MDA levels, with improved liver and intestinal architecture. The aqueous leaf extracts demonstrated antibacterial, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities, supporting its potential as a therapeutic agent against S. typhi-associated complications.


Keywords

Solanum granuloso-leprosum, Anti-Salmonella activity, Salmonella typhi, In vitro evaluation, Antibacterial screening, Solanaceae

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