International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews

International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews
Peer-Reviewed | Multi-Disciplinary Journal

ISSN: 3049-0103 (O)

Impact Factor: 4.33

When Target Selection Becomes Autonomous: Rethinking Legal Responsibility under International Humanitarian Law

Author

A. Prem Kumar

Abstract

 Autonomous weapons are changing the structure of modern military operations. These systems can select and engage targets without further human intervention. This development creates difficult questions under international humanitarian law. Traditional warfare normally connects weapon use with human judgment. Autonomous systems can weaken that connection during target selection. The central problem concerns responsibility when a machine selects the target. The operator may activate the system without choosing the specific target. The commander may authorise deployment without controlling the final decision. Developers may design systems without knowing their future operational circumstances. This article examines these problems through international humanitarian law. It focuses on distinction, proportionality, precautions and human control. It also examines State and individual responsibility for unlawful attacks. The article argues that autonomy cannot transfer legal responsibility to machines. Responsibility must remain connected with human decisions and institutional authority. Stronger rules are therefore needed for predictable and controlled autonomous warfare.

Keywords

Autonomous Weapons, International Humanitarian Law, Legal Responsibility, Human Control, Target Selection.

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References

  • International Committee of the Red Cross. Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Humanitarian Law: Selected Issues. ICRC, 2026. ICRC Position Paper
  • International Committee of the Red Cross. “Frequently Asked Questions: Autonomous Weapon Systems.” ICRC, 8 Oct. 2026. ICRC FAQ on Autonomous Weapon Systems
  • International Committee of the Red Cross. “Autonomous Weapons under International Humanitarian Law.” ICRC. ICRC Legal Perspective
  • International Committee of the Red Cross. “What You Need to Know about Autonomous Weapons.” ICRC, 26 July 2022. ICRC Background Article
  • International Committee of the Red Cross. “Renewed Call from UN Secretary-General and ICRC President to Adopt Rules on Autonomous Weapon Systems.” ICRC, 25 Aug. 2026. ICRC Joint Appeal.
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