International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews

International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews
Peer-Reviewed | Multi-Disciplinary Journal

ISSN: 3049-0103 (O)

Impact Factor: 4.33

Screen-House Screening of Groundnut Germplasm (Arachis Hypogeae) for Drought Tolerance

Author

Ibrahim A. Ozigi, Suleiman A. Musa and Alice Simeon Obaje

Abstract

 In the rainfed agro-ecological zone of northern Nigeria, late-season drought is the main abiotic stressor limiting peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yield. In order to identify drought-resistant germplasm, this study examined 10 peanut lines (from the International Institute for Crops in Semi-arid Tropics – ICGV-07081, ICGV-07219, ICGV-07240, ICGV-07241, ICGV-07245, ICGV-07247, ICGV-07262, ICGV-07268, ICGV-93533 and ICGV-96891) under controlled conditions in a greenhouse at the Kaduna Institute of Technology. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) experiment with two replicates was used to compare peanut growth under water stress (WS) versus non-water stress (NS) conditions. The data collected included phenological stages, crop components, harvest index, threshing rate, pod yield variability (PYD), and drought tolerance index (DTI). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated highly significant genetic variation between treatments (P≤0.01). Water deficit significantly reduced the average pod yield per plant, from 14.7 grams under non-stressed conditions to 4.5 grams under water-stressed conditions. Pearson correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between pod yield and various physiological traits (such as aboveground biomass, harvest index, 100-seed weight, and drought tolerance index) under stress conditions (P≤0.01). The genotypes ICGV-07219, ICGV-07245, and ICGV-07262 exhibited superior performance, with high pod yields (10–14 g) and high drought tolerance index values (0.62–0.84). In contrast, the other seven lines were susceptible to drought, which led to a sharp decline in yield. The drought-tolerant genotypes identified in this study constitute valuable genetic resources that can be used directly in arid regions, or as parents in breeding programs.

Keywords

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), Terminal Drought Tolerance, Germplasm Evaluation.

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