International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews

International Journal of Advance Research Publication and Reviews
Peer-Reviewed | Multi-Disciplinary Journal

ISSN: 3049-0103 (O)

Impact Factor: 4.33

BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY: AN EMERGING TREND IN EDUCATION A COMPREHENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW

Author

Ms. Sindhu R.S., Dr. R. Suhirtha Rani, Dr. Biju G.

Abstract

 The rapid digital transformation of higher education has exposed structural vulnerabilities in traditional educational management architectures, including credential fraud, inefficient cross-institutional credit validation, and centralized data vulnerabilities. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), commonly known as blockchain, offers a decentralized, immutable, and transparent paradigm capable of resolving these systemic challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive, peer-reviewed synthesis of contemporary literature on blockchain integration within global educational ecosystems. We examine the core cryptographic mechanics of DLT, evaluate primary operational and pedagogical applications—including self-sovereign digital credentials, automated smart contract administrative workflows, decentralized intellectual property management, and lifelong learning micro-credentials—and critically analyze key adoption barriers. Specific focus is placed on the technical constraints of scalability and network throughput, regulatory tensions with privacy frameworks such as GDPR and FERPA, and institutional adoption friction. Finally, we map future integration horizons, exploring the convergence of blockchain with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) to establish next-generation educational governance models.

Keywords

Blockchain in Education, Emerging Trend in Education, Comprehensive Literature Review

Full Text:

Download Paper PDF

References

  • Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M., & Chen, N. S. (2018). Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 1-10.
  • Grech, A., & Camilleri, A. F. (2017). Blockchain in Education. Joint Research Centre (JRC) Science for Policy Report, European Commission. EUR 28778 EN.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
  • Ocheja, P., Flanagan, B., & Ogata, H. (2019). Connecting lifelong learning records through blockchain technology. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 14(1), 1-19.
  • Raimundo, R., & Rosário, A. (2021). Blockchain system in the higher education sector. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 89.
  • Sharples, M., & Domingue, J. (2016). The blockchain and kudos: A distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward. Adaptive and Adaptable Learning: 11th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (EC-TEL 2016), 490-496. Springer.
  • Turkanović, M., Hölbl, M., Košič, K., Heričko, M., & Kamišalić, A. (2018). EduCTX: A blockchain-based higher education credit platform. IEEE Access, 6, 5112-5127.
  • Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N., & Scarfone, K. (2018). Blockchain Technology Overview. NIST Special Publication 800-191. National Institute of Standards and Technology.
Top